The LSE's European Politics and Policy blog has published a short piece I wrote on the Breivik judgment. Here's the conclusion, summarizing the way in which opposition to capital punishment gradually became the majority position in Western Europe:
This pattern can be summarized as follows. After a period of active
controversy, interest in the subject of capital punishment fades. Since
inertia (always a powerful force in politics) now favours abolition,
there seems little point re-opening the emotional debate over
executions. No drastic increase in violent crime will occur after
abolition. If there is a crime increase, the experts will reassure the
public that abolition had nothing to do with it, as the death penalty
has no proven deterrent effect. Eventually, the press loses interest in
the subject of capital punishment’s potential return, and politicians
realize it has lost its power as a vote-getter. Open support for capital
punishment lives on only among right-wing fringe parties (such as the
British National Party, or Germany’s far-right National Democratic
Party). The adoption of capital punishment by fringe parties therefore
creates a sort of self-reinforcing ring-fence around the issue: even
mainstream politicians who might personally favor the death penalty
choose not to mention it, for fear of being associated with unpopular
fringe groups.
At the end of this process (which can take decades) we are left with
perhaps 60-70 per cent of a country’s population opposing capital
punishment in principle. Notably, this opposition may be relatively weak
— as I found while researching my book on this subject, leading
questions can elicit support for capital punishment even among people
who consider themselves abolitionist. This is where treaties come into
play. Even if shocking crimes such as Breivik’s might prompt some
citizens to re-think their death penalty views, international
commitments authoritatively banning executions stand in the way. It’s
difficult to build support for a policy that has no chance of being
adopted.
Recent Comments